Artificial extremophilia
Rupert Mutzel
This session involved growing wild type and experimentally evolved Escherichia coli cells at various salt concentrations.
Protocol (see below for alternative salt growth protocol)
- Prepare growth media (MS Mannitol) containing 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 M NaCl from stocks containing 0 and 2 M NaCl:
Final NaCl concentration, M (approx. % w/v) | Volume per 100 ml , 0 M NaCl medium | Volume per 100 ml, 2 M NaCl medium |
0 (0) | 100 | 0 |
0.3 (1.8) | 85 | 15 |
0.6 (3.6) | 70 | 30 |
0.9 (5.4) | 55 | 45 |
1.2 (7.2) | 40 | 60 |
1.5 (9) | 25 | 75 |
1.8 (10.8) | 10 | 90 |
- Label 7 tubes each for the wild type (wt) and evolved (E) strain: 0 - 0.3 - 0.6 - 0.9 - 1.2 - 1.5 - 1.8 (M NaCl)
- Pipet 5 ml of each medium into the corresponding tubes
- Inoculate each tube with a loopful of bacteria scraped from an agar plate (e.g. 3-4 agar plates per strain)
- Incubate at 30° C overnight with good aeration (roller or shaker)
- Inspect tubes for growth
Composition of MS (minimal salts)-Medium
Citric acid x H20 | 0.84 g | 4 mM |
MgSO4 x 7 H2O | 0.25 g | 1 mM |
NH4Cl | 0.53 g | 20 mM |
K2HPO4 | 8.71 g | 50 mM |
Mannitol | 2 g | 11 mM |
1000 x NTA-Mix | 1 ml |
(H2O bidest ad 1l)
(1000 x N.T.A.-Mix
Component | Concentration (M) | Amount (mg) |
Nitrilotriacetic acid | 10-2 | 1910 |
CaCl2 x 2 H2O | 3 x 10-3 | 450 |
FeCl3 x 6 H2O | 2 x 10-3 | 810 |
MnCl2 x 4 H2O | 10-3 | 200 |
ZnCl2 | 10-3 | 40 |
H3BO3 | 3 x 10-4 | 20 |
CrCl3 x 6 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 80 |
CoCl2 x 6 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 70 |
CuCl2 x 2 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 50 |
NiCl2 x 6 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 70 |
Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 70 |
Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O | 3 x 10-4 | 80 |
H2O bidest ad 1 l)
Alternative (salt growth) Protocol
- Prepare growth media (MS Mannitol) containing 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 M NaCl from stocks containing 0 and 2 M NaCl:
Final NaCl concentration (M) | Volume per 100ml, 0 M NaCl medium | Volume per 100 ml, 2 M NaCl medium |
0 | 100 | 0 |
0.6 | 70 | 30 |
1.2 | 40 | 60 |
1.8 | 10 | 90 |
(Wild type bacteria should grow at 0 and 0.6 M salt, evolved bacteria should grow at 0.6, 1,2, 1.8 M, barely at 0 M. In advance, prepare 30 ml of each medium in sterile 50 ml Falcon tubes.)
- Label 4 tubes each for the wild type (wt) and evolved (E) strain: 0 - 0.6 - 1.2 - 1.8 (M NaCl)
- Pipet 5 ml of each medium into the corresponding tubes
- Inoculate each tube with a loopful of bacteria scraped from an agar plate
- Incubate at 30° C overnight with good aeration (roller or shaker)
- Inspect tubes for growth